Page 213 - TSMC 2019 Annual Report

As for the Company’s bank loans, all of them are floating-rate loans. A rise in interest rates may incur higher interest expense than predicted.
Other price risk
The Company is exposed to equity price risk arising from financial assets at FVTOCI.
Assuming a hypothetical decrease of 10% in prices of the equity investments at the end of the reporting period for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the other comprehensive income would have decreased by NT$401,879 thousand and NT$427,101 thousand, respectively.
d. Credit risk management
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial losses to the Company. The Company is exposed to credit risks from operating activities, primarily trade receivables, and from investing activities, primarily deposits, fixed-income investments and other financial instruments with banks. Credit risk is managed separately for business related and financial related exposures. As of the end of the reporting period, the Company’s maximum credit risk exposure is equal to the carrying amount of financial assets.
Business related credit risk
The Company’s trade receivables are from its customers worldwide. The majority of the Company’s outstanding trade receivables are not covered by collaterals or guarantees. While the Company has procedures to monitor and manage credit risk exposure on trade receivables, there is no assurance such procedures will effectively eliminate losses resulting from its credit risk. This risk is heightened during periods when economic conditions worsen.
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s ten largest customers accounted for 79% of accounts receivable in both years. The Company considers the concentration of credit risk for the remaining accounts receivable not material.
Financial credit risk
The Company mitigates its financial credit risk by selecting counterparties with investment-grade credit ratings and by limiting the exposure to any individual counterparty. The Company regularly monitors and reviews the limit applied to counterparties and adjusts the limit according to market conditions and the credit standing of the counterparties.
The risk management of expected credit loss for financial assets at amortized cost and investments in debt instruments at FVTOCI is as follows:
The Company only invests in debt instruments that are rated as investment grade or higher. The credit rating information is supplied by external rating agencies. The Company assesses whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition by reviewing changes in external credit ratings, financial market conditions and material information of the bond issuers.
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